Ring 4 — Infrastructure Fragility

Graph-theoretic analysis of settlement network dependencies, single points of failure, and cascade risk.

If SWIFT went offline for 72 hours, $5.8 trillion in daily cross-border settlements would halt. Ring 4 maps the global financial infrastructure as a network graph and identifies which nodes are critical bridges. Entities are scored for SPOF risk, betweenness centrality, and cascade impact — showing where the system is most vulnerable.